肉瘤

迹象 & 症状

在早期阶段，肉瘤患者通常不会注意到任何症状. 当出现症状时，可能包括:

• 肿块身体上的肿块，可能疼痛也可能不痛
• 骨痛或意外骨折
• 腹部疼痛
• 呕吐
• 食欲不振
• 减肥
• 大便带血

诊断

第一步是去看十大赌博平台排行榜做身体检查, 哪个会探究症状的起源, 可能的危险因素和家族病史. 接下来，你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求你做一系列检查，包括:

• 活组织检查. 如果你的症状之一是皮肤下有肿块, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会做活检来收集组织样本, 然后可以在实验室里检查.
• x射线. 用于检测骨肉瘤, x射线使用少量的辐射来观察人体内部的结构.
• 骨扫描. 进行骨骼扫描, a radioactive tracer that can be detected by a camera is injected into the bloodstream. This study can collect more detailed information about bone diseases, including sarcoma.
• CT扫描. 拍摄图像, a thin x射线 beam rotates around the chest area; then a computer program processes the data to construct a three-dimensional, 横断面图像.
• PET扫描. This highly sensitive technique uses a radioactive tracer to collect images of body tissues.
• 核磁共振成像扫描. A powerful magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed images of various regions of the body.

暂存

If the diagnosis is sarcoma, your doctor will want to determine the stage or extent of the disease. 分期是一个仔细的过程，以了解癌症是否已经扩散, 如果是这样的话, 到身体的哪个部位. 了解这个阶段有助于十大赌博平台排行榜制定治疗计划. 肉瘤的四个阶段的描述如下:

• 阶段我. The cancer is low-grade (not considered aggressive) and has not spread outside the bone or tissue where it was found.
• 第二阶段. The cancer is medium- or high-grade (more aggressive than stage I) and has not spread outside the bone or tissue where it was found.
• 第三阶段. The cancer is high-grade and has begun spreading to lymph nodes or other parts of the bone or tissue of origin.
• 四期. The cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or lymph nodes. 这可能是低度、中度或高度的癌症.

治疗

肉瘤 treatment depends on the cancer's location, type, stage and other factors. 通常, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会建议你进行一些联合手术, 化疗, 放射治疗, 靶向治疗和免疫治疗.

• 手术. 用于软组织肉瘤, 手术是最常见的治疗方法，可能是早期阶段所需要的全部. 治疗骨肉瘤, surgery typically involves removing the tumor and a margin of healthy surrounding tissue, then using prostheses or bone from elsewhere in the patient's body to reconstruct the area.
• 放射治疗. Also called radiotherapy, this treatment uses high-energy x射线s to kill cancer cells. 放射治疗 is restricted to a limited area and affects the cancer cells only in that area. It may be used before surgery to shrink a tumor or after surgery to destroy any remaining cancer cells in the treated area.
• 化疗. 这是使用抗癌药物来阻止癌症的生长, 要么杀死癌细胞，要么阻止它们分裂. This approach is typically used for sarcomas that have spread beyond the bone or tissue of origin. 化疗 drugs may be delivered orally (as pills) or directly into the circulation (through an IV injection or catheter).
• 靶向治疗. Drugs or other substances are used to pinpoint and attack specific types of cancer cells (for instance, 这种疗法可能会阻断刺激肿瘤生长的分子。. Your doctor may run tests to determine the genetic or molecular makeup of the tumor – information that can guide treatment choices. Targeted therapies tend to cause less damage to healthy cells than does 化疗 or radiation.
• 免疫疗法. 这种疗法利用病人自身的免疫系统来治疗肉瘤. Substances are used to mobilize the body's natural defenses to kill cancer cells or prevent them from spreading.